The original site was located on the south bank of the Park River in the present-day Sheldon/Charter Oak neighborhood. Dutch fur traders from New Amsterdam returned in 1623 with a mission to establish a trading post and fortify the area for the Dutch West India Company. The first Europeans known to have explored the area were the Dutch under Adriaen Block, who sailed up the Connecticut in 1614. These included the Podunks, mostly east of the Connecticut River the Poquonocks north and west of Hartford the Massacoes in the Simsbury area the Tunxis tribe in West Hartford and Farmington the Wangunks to the south and the Saukiog in Hartford itself. Various tribes lived in or around Hartford, all Algonquian peoples. History įor a chronological guide, see Timeline of Hartford, Connecticut. Hartford coordinates certain Hartford–Springfield regional development matters through the Knowledge Corridor Economic Partnership. Other prominent industries include the services, education and healthcare industries. Nicknamed the "Insurance Capital of the World" and "America's filing cabinet", the city holds high sufficiency as a global city, as home to the headquarters of many insurance companies, the region's major industry. In sharp contrast, the Greater Hartford metropolitan statistical area was ranked 32nd of 318 metropolitan areas in total economic production and 8th out of 280 metropolitan statistical areas in per capita income in 2015. Since 2015, it has been one of the poorest cities in the country, with three out of ten families living below the poverty threshold. Hartford was the richest city in the United States for several decades following the American Civil War. (Before then, New Haven and Hartford alternated as dual capitals, as part of the agreement by which the Colony of New Haven was absorbed into the Colony of Connecticut in 1664.) Hartford has been the sole capital of Connecticut since 1875. Mark Twain wrote in 1868, "Of all the beautiful towns it has been my fortune to see this is the chief." It holds the Mark Twain House, in which the author wrote his most famous works and raised his family. It was home to the oldest "asylum for the deaf and dumb" the ( American School for the Deaf), founded by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet in 1817. It is home to the country's oldest public art museum ( Wadsworth Atheneum), the oldest publicly funded park ( Bushnell Park), the oldest continuously published newspaper (the Hartford Courant), and the second-oldest secondary school ( Hartford Public High School). įounded in 1635, Hartford is among the oldest cities in the United States. Hartford is the largest city in the Capitol Planning Region and the core city of the Greater Hartford metropolitan area. The city, located in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States, had a population of 121,054 as of the 2020 Census.
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